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Longitude (or, Australian and British also), is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface.

It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees and denoted by the Greek letter lambda (λ).

Meridians (lines running from the North Pole to the South Pole) connect points with the same longitude.

By convention, one of these, the Prime Meridian, which passes through the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, England, was allocated the position of zero degrees longitude.

The longitude of other places is measured as the angle east or west from the Prime Meridian, ranging from 0° at the Prime Meridian to +180° eastward and −180° westward.

Specifically, it is the angle between a plane containing the Prime Meridian and a plane containing the North Pole, South Pole and the location in question.

(This forms a right-handed coordinate system with the axis (right hand thumb) pointing from the Earth's center toward the North Pole and the axis (right hand index finger) extending from Earth's center through the equator at the Prime Meridian).

In geography, latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the Earth's surface.

Latitude is an angle (defined below) which ranges from 0° at the Equator to 90° (North or South) at the poles.

Lines of constant latitude, or parallels, run east–west as circles parallel to the equator.

Latitude is used together with longitude to specify the precise location of features on the surface of the Earth.

Without qualification the term latitude should be taken to be the geodetic latitude as defined in the following sections.

Also defined are six auxiliary latitudes which are used in special applications.

There is a separate article on the History of latitude measurements.

Information is that which informs.

In other words, it is the answer to a question of some kind.

It is thus related to data and knowledge, as data represents values attributed to parameters, and knowledge signifies understanding of real things or abstract concepts.

As it regards data, the information's existence is not necessarily coupled to an observer (it exists beyond an event horizon, for example), while in the case of knowledge, the information requires a cognitive observer.