Whois & Analysis for certent.com

Initial public offering (IPO) or stock market launch is a type of public offering in which shares of a company usually are sold to institutional investors that in turn, sell to the general public, on a securities exchange, for the first time.

Through this process, a privately held company transforms into a public company.

Initial public offerings are mostly used by companies to raise the expansion of capital, possibly to monetize the investments of early private investors, and to become publicly traded enterprises.

A company selling shares is never required to repay the capital to its public investors.

After the IPO, when shares trade freely in the open market, money passes between public investors.

Although IPO offers many advantages, there are also significant disadvantages, chief among these are the costs associated with the process and the requirement to disclose certain information that could prove helpful to competitors.

The IPO process is colloquially known as going public.

A company, abbreviated co., is a legal entity made up of an association of people, be they natural, legal, or a mixture of both, for carrying on a commercial or industrial enterprise.

Company members share a common purpose and unite in order to focus their various talents and organize their collectively available skills or resources to achieve specific, declared goals.

Companies take various forms such as:

Justice is the legal or philosophical theory by which fairness is administered.

The concept of justice differs in every culture.

An early theory of justice was set out by the Ancient Greek philosopher Plato in his work The Republic.

Advocates of divine command theory argue that justice issues from God.

In the 17th century, theorists like John Locke argued for the theory of natural law.

Thinkers in the social contract tradition argued that justice is derived from the mutual agreement of everyone concerned.

In the 19th century, utilitarian thinkers including John Stuart Mill argued that justice is what has the best consequences.

Theories of distributive justice concern what is distributed, between whom they are to be distributed, and what is the proper distribution.

Egalitarians argued that justice can only exist within the coordinates of equality.

John Rawls used a social contract argument to show that justice, and especially distributive justice, is a form of fairness.

A corporation is a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.

Early incorporated entities were established by charter (i.e. by an ad hoc act granted by a monarch or passed by a parliament or legislature).

Most jurisdictions now allow the creation of new corporations through registration.

Leadership is both a research area and a practical skill encompassing the ability of an individual or organization to "lead" or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations.

The literature debates various viewpoints: contrasting Eastern and Western approaches to leadership, and also (within the West) US vs.

European approaches.

US academic environments define leadership as "a process of social influence in which a person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task".

Leadership seen from a European and non-academic perspective encompasses a view of a leader who can be moved not only by communitarian goals but also by the search for personal power.