Whois & Analysis for justia.com

Case law is the set of existing rulings which made new interpretations of law and, therefore, can be cited as precedents.

In some countries, such as the United States, the term is exclusively used for judicial decisions of selected appellate courts, courts of first instance, and other bodies discharging judicial functions.

In other countries, such as most European countries, the term is applied to any set of rulings on law which is guided by previous rulings, for example, patent office case law.

These interpretations are distinguished from statutory law which are the statutes and codes enacted by legislative bodies; regulatory law which are regulations established by governmental agencies based on statutes; and in some states, common law which are the generally accepted laws carried to the colonies and former colonies of England (USA, Australia, etc).

Trials and hearings which are not selected as 'courts of first impression' do not have rulings that become case law; therefore, these rulings cannot be precedents for future court decisions.

Regulation is an abstract concept of management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends.

In systems theory, these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society, but the term has slightly different meanings according to context.

For example:

Public law (lat.

ius publicum) is that part of law which governs relationships between individuals and the government, and those relationships between individuals which are of direct concern to society.

Public law comprises constitutional law, administrative law, tax law and criminal law, as well as all procedural law.

In public law, mandatory rules prevail.

Laws concerning relationships between individuals belong to private law.

A consumer is a person or organization that uses economic services or commodities.

In economic systems consumers are utilities expressed in the decision to trade or not.

A lawyer is a person who practices law, as an advocate, barrister, attorney, counselor or solicitor or chartered legal executive.

Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who hire lawyers to perform legal services.