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A sugar substitute is a food additive that provides a sweet taste like that of sugar while containing significantly less food energy.

Some sugar substitutes are produced by nature, and others produced synthetically.

Those that are not produced by nature are, in general, called artificial sweeteners.

Siraitia grosvenorii (luo han guo or monk fruit) is a herbaceous perennial vine of the Cucurbitaceae (gourd) family, native to southern China and northern Thailand.

The plant is cultivated for its fruit, whose extract is nearly 300 times sweeter than sugar and has been used in China as a low-calorie sweetener for cooling drinks and in traditional Chinese medicine.

Low-carbohydrate diets or low-carb diets are dietary programs that restrict carbohydrate consumption, often for the treatment of obesity or diabetes.

Foods high in easily digestible carbohydrates (e.g., sugar, bread, pasta) are limited or replaced with foods containing a higher percentage of fats and moderate protein (e.g., meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs, cheese, nuts, and seeds) and other foods low in carbohydrates (e.g., most salad vegetables such as spinach, kale, chard and collards), although other vegetables and fruits (especially berries) are often allowed.

The amount of carbohydrate allowed varies with different low-carbohydrate diets.

Diet food (or dietetic food) refers to any food or beverage whose recipe is altered to reduce fat, carbohydrates, and/or sugar in order to make it part of a weight loss program or diet.

Such foods are usually intended to assist in weight loss or a change in body type, although bodybuilding supplements are designed to aid in gaining weight or muscle.

Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.

Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger.

If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications.

Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma, or death.

Serious long-term complications include heart disease, stroke, chronic kidney failure, foot ulcers, and damage to the eyes.