AngularJS (commonly referred to as "Angular.js" or "AngularJS 1.X") is a JavaScript-based open-source front-end web application framework mainly maintained by Google and by a community of individuals and corporations to address many of the challenges encountered in developing single-page applications.

The JavaScript components complement Apache Cordova, the framework used for developing cross-platform mobile apps.

It aims to simplify both the development and the testing of such applications by providing a framework for client-side model–view–controller (MVC) and model–view–viewmodel (MVVM) architectures, along with components commonly used in rich Internet applications.

In 2014, the original AngularJS team began working on Angular (Application Platform).

In software engineering, dependency injection is a technique whereby one object supplies the dependencies of another object.

A dependency is an object that can be used (a service).

An injection is the passing of a dependency to a dependent object (a client) that would use it.

The service is made part of the client's state.

Passing the service to the client, rather than allowing a client to build or find the service, is the fundamental requirement of the pattern.

JavaScript is a high-level, dynamic, untyped, and interpreted programming language.

It has been standardized in the ECMAScript language specification.

Alongside HTML and CSS, JavaScript is one of the three core technologies of World Wide Web content production; the majority of websites employ it, and all modern Web browsers support it without the need for plug-ins.

JavaScript is prototype-based with first-class functions, making it a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.

It has an API for working with text, arrays, dates and regular expressions, but does not include any I/O, such as networking, storage, or graphics facilities, relying for these upon the host environment in which it is embedded.

Model–View–Controller (MVC) is a software architectural pattern for implementing user interfaces on computers.

It divides a given application into three interconnected parts in order to separate internal representations of information from the ways that information is presented to and accepted from the user.

The MVC design pattern decouples these major components allowing for efficient code reuse and parallel development.

Model–view–viewmodel (MVVM) is a software architectural pattern.

MVVM facilitates a separation of development of the graphical user interface – be it via a markup language or GUI code – from development of the business logic or back-end logic (the data model).

The view model of MVVM is a value converter; meaning the view model is responsible for exposing (converting) the data objects from the model in such a way that objects are easily managed and presented.

In this respect, the view model is more model than view, and handles most if not all of the view's display logic.

The view model may implement a mediator pattern, organizing access to the back-end logic around the set of use cases supported by the view.