In telecommunications, data transfer rate is the average number of bits (bitrate), characters or symbols (baudrate), or data blocks per unit time passing through a communication link in a data transmission system.

Common data rate units are multiples of bits per second (bit/s) and bytes per second (B/s).

For example, the data rates of modern residential high-speed Internet connections are commonly expressed in megabits per second (Mbit/s).

Telugu cinema, also known by its sobriquet Tollywood, is the segment of Indian cinema dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Telugu language.

The industry is based in Film Nagar, a neighbourhood of Hyderabad, Telangana.

Since 1909, Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu, an Indian film maker, was involved in producing short films and travelling to different regions in Asia to promote film work.

In 1921, he produced the first Telugu silent film, Bhishma Pratigna.

He is cited as the father of Telugu cinema.

MPEG-1 and/or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III, more commonly referred to as MP3 (or mp3), is an audio coding format for digital audio which uses a form of lossy data compression, which are data encoding methods that use inexact approximations and partial data discarding to reduce file sizes significantly, typically by a factor of 10, in comparison with a CD, yet still sound like the original uncompressed audio to most listeners.

Compared to CD quality digital audio, MP3 compression commonly achieves 75 to 95% reduction in size.

MP3 files are thus 1/4 to 1/20 the size of the original digital audio stream.

This is important for both transmission and storage concerns.

The basis for such comparison is the CD digital audio format which requires 1411200 bit/s.

A commonly used MP3 encoding setting is CBR 128 kbit/s resulting in file size 1/11 (=9% or 91% compression) of the original CD-quality file.

The Telugu people or Telugu Prajalu are the people who natively speak Telugu.

The majority of Telugus reside in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and the Union Territory Yanam.

They also have a significant population in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala.

The Telugu language is the most spoken language in South India, the third-most spoken language in India and the fourth most in the Indian subcontinent, following Hindi, Bengali and Punjabi.

An amplifier, electronic amplifier or (informally) amp is an electronic device that can increase the power of a signal (a time-varying voltage or current).

An amplifier functions by taking power from a power supply and controlling the output to match the input signal shape but with a larger amplitude.

In this sense, an amplifier modulates the output of the power supply based upon the properties of the input signal.

An amplifier is effectively the opposite of an attenuator: while an amplifier provides gain, an attenuator provides loss.