Whois & Analysis for bionanogenomics.com

Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of science focusing on genomes.

A genome is a complete set of DNA within a single cell of an organism, and as such genomics is a branch of molecular biology concerned with the structure, function, evolution, and mapping of genomes.

Genomics aims at the collective characterization and quantification of genes, which direct the production of proteins with the assistance of enzymes and messenger molecules.

Proteins in turn make up body structures like organs and tissues as well as control chemical reactions and carry signals between cells.

If a cell's DNA is mutated, an abnormal protein may be produced, which can disrupt the body's usual processes and in some cases lead to diseases such as cancer.

In contrast to genetics, which refers to the study of genes and their roles in inheritance, genomics is the study of genes, their functions, and related techniques, such as applications of recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing methods, and bioinformatics to sequence, assemble, and analyze the function and structure of genomes.

Advances in genomics have triggered a revolution in discovery-based research to understand even the most complex biological systems such as the brain.

The field includes efforts to determine the entire DNA sequence of organisms and fine-scale genetic mapping.

The field also includes studies of intragenomic phenomena such as heterosis, epistasis, pleiotropy and other interactions between loci and alleles within the genome.

Research carried out into single genes does not generally fall into the definition of genomics unless the aim of this genetic, pathway, and functional information analysis is to elucidate its effect on, place in, and response to the entire genomes networks.

Structural variation (also genomic structural variation) is the variation in structure of an organism's chromosome.

It consists of many kinds of variation in the genome of one species, and usually includes microscopic and submicroscopic types, such as deletions, duplications, copy-number variants, insertions, inversions and translocations.

Typically a structure variation affects a sequence length about 1Kb to 3Mb, which is larger than SNPs and smaller than chromosome abnormality (though the definitions have some overlap).

The definition of structural variation does not imply anything about frequency or phenotypical effects.

Many structural variants are associated with genetic diseases, however many are not.

Recent research about SVs indicates that SVs are more difficult to detect than SNPs.

Approximately 13% of the human genome are defined as structurally variant in the normal population, and there are at least 240 genes that exist as homozygous deletion polymorphisms in human populations, suggesting these genes are dispensable in humans.

Rapidly accumulating evidence indicates that structural variations can comprise millions of nucleotides of heterogeneity within every genome, and are likely to make an important contribution to human diversity and disease susceptibility.

Gene mapping describes the methods used to identify the locus of a gene and the distances between genes.

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), also known as 5'-adenylic acid, is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA.

It is an ester of phosphoric acid and the nucleoside adenosine, which does not have the typical high energy bond of the so called adenosine monophosphate ("AMP") that arises on the hydrolysis of ATP.

AMP consists of a phosphate group, the sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine.

As a substituent it takes the form of the prefix adenylyl-.