A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.

The search results are generally presented in a line of results often referred to as search engine results pages (SERPs).

The information may be a mix of web pages, images, and other types of files.

Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories.

Unlike web directories, which are maintained only by human editors, search engines also maintain real-time information by running an algorithm on a web crawler.

A control element (sometimes called a control or widget) in a graphical user interface is an element of interaction, such as a button or a scroll bar.

Controls are software components that a computer user interacts with through direct manipulation to read or edit information about an application.

User interface libraries such as Windows Presentation Foundation, GTK+, and Cocoa, contain a collection of controls and the logic to render these.

The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.

English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989.

He wrote the first web browser computer program in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland.

The Web browser was released outside of CERN in 1991, first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and to the general public on the Internet in August 1991.

Text messaging, or texting, is the act of composing and sending electronic messages, typically consisting of alphabetic and numeric characters, between two or more users of mobile phones, fixed devices (e.g., desktop computers) or portable devices (e.g., tablet computers or smartphones).

While text messages are usually sent over a phone network, due to the convergence between the telecommunication and broadcasting industries in the 2000s, text messages may also be sent via a cable network or Local Area Network.

The term originally referred to messages sent using the Short Message Service (SMS).

It has grown beyond alphanumeric text to include multimedia messages (known as MMS) containing digital images, videos, and sound content, as well as ideograms known as emoji (happy faces and other icons).

Personalization, sometimes known as customization, consists of tailoring a service or a product to accommodate specific individuals, sometimes tied to groups or segments of individuals.

A wide variety of organizations use personalization to improve customer satisfaction, digital sales conversion, marketing results, branding, and improved website metrics as well as for advertising.

Personalization is a key element in social media and recommender systems.