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In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, c-Fos is a proto-oncogene that is the human homolog of the retroviral oncogene v-fos.

It was first discovered in rat fibroblasts as the transforming gene of the FBJ MSV (Finkel–Biskis–Jinkins murine osteogenic sarcoma virus) (Curran and Tech, 1982).

It is a part of a bigger Fos family of transcription factors which includes c-Fos, FosB, Fra-1 and Fra-2.

It has been mapped to chromosome region 14q21→q31.

c-Fos encodes a 62 kDa protein, which forms heterodimer with c-jun (part of Jun family of transcription factors), resulting in the formation of AP-1 (Activator Protein-1) complex which binds DNA at AP-1 specific sites at the promoter and enhancer regions of target genes and converts extracellular signals into changes of gene expression.

It plays an important role in many cellular functions and has been found to be overexpressed in a variety of cancers.

Electronic mail (email or e-mail) is a method of exchanging messages ("mail") between people using electronic devices.

Invented by Ray Tomlinson, email first entered limited use in the 1960s and by the mid-1970s had taken the form now recognized as email.

Email operates across computer networks, which today is primarily the Internet.

Some early email systems required the author and the recipient to both be online at the same time, in common with instant messaging.

Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward model.

Email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages.

Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need to connect only briefly, typically to a mail server or a webmail interface, for as long as it takes to send or receive messages.

A database is an organized collection of data, stored and accessed electronically.

Database designers typically organize the data to model aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring information, such as (for example) modelling the availability of rooms in hotels in a way that supports finding a hotel with vacancies.

Data is a set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables.

Data and information are often used interchangeably; however, the extent to which a set of data is informative to someone depends on the extent to which it is unexpected by that person.

The amount of information content in a data stream may be characterized by its Shannon entropy.

In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several alternative possibilities.

Every decision-making process produces a final choice, which may or may not prompt action.