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Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language.

Although most often used to set the visual style of web pages and user interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL, and is applicable to rendering in speech, or on other media.

Along with HTML and JavaScript, CSS is a cornerstone technology used by most websites to create visually engaging webpages, user interfaces for web applications, and user interfaces for many mobile applications.

JavaScript is a high-level, dynamic, untyped, and interpreted programming language.

It has been standardized in the ECMAScript language specification.

Alongside HTML and CSS, JavaScript is one of the three core technologies of World Wide Web content production; the majority of websites employ it, and all modern Web browsers support it without the need for plug-ins.

JavaScript is prototype-based with first-class functions, making it a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.

It has an API for working with text, arrays, dates and regular expressions, but does not include any I/O, such as networking, storage, or graphics facilities, relying for these upon the host environment in which it is embedded.

jQuery is a cross-platform JavaScript library designed to simplify the client-side scripting of HTML.

It is free, open-source software using the permissive MIT license.

Web analysis indicates that it is the most widely deployed JavaScript library by a large margin.

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed primarily for web development but also used as a general-purpose programming language.

Originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994, the PHP reference implementation is now produced by The PHP Development Team.

PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page, but it now stands for the recursive acronym PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.

Java is a general-purpose computer programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.

It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere" (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation.

Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture.

As of 2016, Java is one of the most popular programming languages in use, particularly for client-server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers.

Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which has since been acquired by Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform.

The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++, but it has fewer low-level facilities than either of them.