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The critical path method (CPM) is an algorithm for scheduling a set of project activities.

History.

The critical path method (CPM) is a project modeling technique developed in the late 1950s by Morgan R. Walker of DuPont and James E.

Kelley Jr. of Remington Rand.

Kelley and Walker related their memories of the development of CPM in 1989.

Kelley attributed the term "critical path" to the developers of the Program Evaluation and Review Technique which was developed at about the same time by Booz Allen Hamilton and the U.S. Navy.

The precursors of what came to be known as Critical Path were developed and put into practice by DuPont between 1940 and 1943 and contributed to the success of the Manhattan Project.

Automation or automatic control, is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat treating ovens, switching on telephone networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications and vehicles with minimal or reduced human intervention.

Some processes have been completely automated.

A machine is a tool containing one or more parts that uses energy to perform an intended action.

Machines are usually powered by chemical, thermal, or electrical means, and are often motorized.

Historically, a power tool also required moving parts to classify as a machine.

However, the advent of electronics has led to the development of power tools without moving parts that are considered machines.

Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary field of engineering and engineering management that focuses on how to design and manage complex systems over their life cycles.

At its core systems engineering utilizes systems thinking principles to organize this body of knowledge.

Issues such as requirements engineering, , logistics, coordination of different teams, testing and evaluation, maintainability and many other disciplines necessary for successful system development, design, implementation, and ultimate decommission become more difficult when dealing with large or complex projects.

Systems engineering deals with work-processes, optimization methods, and risk management tools in such projects.

It overlaps technical and human-centered disciplines such as industrial engineering, mechanical engineering, manufacturing engineering, control engineering, software engineering, electrical engineering, cybernetics, organizational studies, engineering management and project management.

Systems engineering ensures that all likely aspects of a project or system are considered, and integrated into a whole.

In word processing and digital typesetting, a non-breaking space (" ") (also called no-break space, non-breakable space (NBSP), hard space, or fixed space) is a space character that prevents an automatic line break at its position.

In some formats, including HTML, it also prevents consecutive whitespace characters from collapsing into a single space.