Whois & Analysis for creative-diagnostics.com

An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.

The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the harmful agent, called an antigen, via the Fab's variable region.

Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (similarly analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision.

Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can tag a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize its target directly (for example, by blocking a part of a microbe that is essential for its invasion and survival).

Depending on the antigen, the binding may impede the biological process causing the disease or may activate macrophages to destroy the foreign substance.

The ability of an antibody to communicate with the other components of the immune system is mediated via its Fc region (located at the base of the "Y"), which contains a conserved glycosylation site involved in these interactions.

The production of antibodies is the main function of the humoral immune system.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a test that uses antibodies and color change to identify a substance.

An immunoassay is a biochemical test that measures the presence or concentration of a macromolecule or a small molecule in a solution through the use of an antibody (usually) or an antigen (sometimes).

The molecule detected by the immunoassay is often referred to as an "analyte" and is in many cases a protein, although it may be other kinds of molecules, of different size and types, as long as the proper antibodies that have the adequate properties for the assay are developed.

Analytes in biological liquids such as serum or urine are frequently measured using immunoassays for medical and research purposes.

Automation or automatic control, is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat treating ovens, switching on telephone networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications and vehicles with minimal or reduced human intervention.

Some processes have been completely automated.

A laboratory (CommE or, AmE; informally, lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed.