MySQL (officially pronounced as "My S-Q-L") is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS).

Its name is a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius' daughter, and "SQL", the abbreviation for Structured Query Language.

The MySQL development project has made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements.

MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle Corporation.

For proprietary use, several paid editions are available, and offer additional functionality.

PostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an object-relational database (ORDBMS) i.e. an RDBMS, with additional (optional use) "object" features with an emphasis on extensibility and standards compliance.

As a database server, its primary functions are to store data securely and return that data in response to requests from other software applications.

It can handle workloads ranging from small single-machine applications to large Internet-facing applications (or for data warehousing) with many concurrent users; on macOS Server, PostgreSQL is the default database; and it is also available for Microsoft Windows and Linux (supplied in most distributions).

Nginx, stylized as (NGINX, NGiИX or nginx), is a web server, which can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer and HTTP cache.

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed primarily for web development but also used as a general-purpose programming language.

Originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994, the PHP reference implementation is now produced by The PHP Development Team.

PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page, but it now stands for the recursive acronym PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.

Java is a general-purpose computer programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.

It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere" (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation.

Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture.

As of 2016, Java is one of the most popular programming languages in use, particularly for client-server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers.

Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which has since been acquired by Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform.

The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++, but it has fewer low-level facilities than either of them.