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Mumbai (also known as Bombay — the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the de facto financial centre of India.

According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the second-most populous city in India after Delhi and the eighth-most populous city in the world with a population of roughly 20 million (2 crore).

As per the Indian government population census of 2011, Mumbai was the most populous city in India with an estimated city proper population of 12.5 million (1.25 crore) living under the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation.

Mumbai is the centre of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, the sixth most populous metropolitan area in the world with a population of over 23 million (2.3 crore).

Mumbai lies on the Konkan coast on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour.

In 2008, Mumbai was named an alpha world city.

India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi), is a country in South Asia.

It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world.

Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east.

In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia.

Thomas Edison with phonograph.

Edison was one of the most prolific inventors in history, holding 1,093 U.S. patents in his name.

The scientific method is often represented as an .

This diagram represents one variant, and .

The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century (with notable practitioners in previous centuries; see the article history of scientific method for additional detail) It involves careful observation, applying rigorous skepticism about what is observed, given that cognitive assumptions can distort how one interprets the observation.

It involves formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; the testability of hypotheses, experimental and the measurement-based statistical testing of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings.

These are principles of the scientific method, as distinguished from a definitive series of steps applicable to all scientific enterprises.

Circulation model of economic flows for a closed market economy.

In this model the use of natural resources and the generation of waste (like greenhouse gases) is not included.