English studies is an academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the English language (including literatures from the United Kingdom, the United States, Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, the Philippines, India, Pakistan, South Africa, and the Middle East, among other areas), English linguistics (including English phonetics, phonology, syntax, morphology, semantics, pragmatics, corpus linguistics, and stylistics), and English sociolinguistics (including discourse analysis of written and spoken texts in the English language, the history of the English language, English language learning and teaching, and the study of World Englishes).

Education policy are the principles and government policy-making in the educational sphere as well as the collection of laws and rules that govern the operation of education systems.

The California Community Colleges System (CCCS) consists of 113 community colleges in 72 community college districts in the U.S. state of California.

Created by legislation in 1967, it is the largest system of higher education in the world, serving more than 2.4 million students with a wide variety of educational and career goals.

Institutions are "stable, valued, recurring patterns of behavior".

As structures or mechanisms of social order, they govern the behaviour of a set of individuals within a given community.

Institutions are identified with a social purpose, transcending individuals and intentions by mediating the rules that govern living behavior.

A policy is a deliberate system of principles to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes.

A policy is a statement of intent, and is implemented as a procedure or protocol.

Policies are generally adopted by the Board of or senior governance body within an organization where as procedures or protocols would be developed and adopted by senior executive officers.

Policies can assist in both subjective and objective decision making.

Policies to assist in subjective decision making would usually assist senior management with decisions that must consider the relative merits of a number of factors before making decisions and as a result are often hard to objectively test e.g. work-life balance policy.

In contrast policies to assist in objective decision making are usually operational in nature and can be objectively tested e.g. password policy.