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Used in a number of sciences, ranging from econometrics to meteorology, consensus forecasts are predictions of the future that are created by combining together several separate forecasts which have often been created using different methodologies.

Also known as combining forecasts, forecast averaging or model averaging (in econometrics and statistics) and committee machines, ensemble averaging or expert aggregation (in machine learning).

Applications can range from forecasting the weather to predicting the annual Gross Domestic Product of a country or the number of cars a company or an individual dealer is likely to sell in a year.

While forecasts are often made for future values of a time series, they can also be for one-off events such as the outcome of a presidential election or a football match.

Health technology is defined by the World Health Organization as the "application of organized knowledge and skills in the form of devices, medicines, vaccines, procedures and systems developed to solve a health problem and improve quality of lives." This includes the pharmaceuticals, devices, procedures and organizational systems used in health care.

Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art.

2).

Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with the (related) fields of bioengineering, biomedical engineering, biomanufacturing, molecular engineering, etc.

Pharmacology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (from within body) molecule which exerts a biochemical and/or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism (sometimes the word pharmacon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species).

More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function.

If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals.

Analysis is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it.

The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle (384–322 B.C), though analysis as a formal concept is a relatively recent development.