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This article deals with decision-making as analyzed in psychology.

See also Decision theory.

In psychology, decision-making is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several alternative possibilities.

Every decision-making process produces a final choice; it may or may not prompt action.

Decision-making is the process of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and preferences of the decision-maker.

Information is that which informs.

In other words, it is the answer to a question of some kind.

It is thus related to data and knowledge, as data represents values attributed to parameters, and knowledge signifies understanding of real things or abstract concepts.

As it regards data, the information's existence is not necessarily coupled to an observer (it exists beyond an event horizon, for example), while in the case of knowledge, the information requires a cognitive observer.

Thought refers to ideas or arrangements of ideas that are the result of the process of thinking.

Though thinking is an activity considered essential to humanity, there is no general consensus as to how we define or understand it.

Bias is an inclination or outlook to present or hold a partial perspective, often accompanied by a refusal to consider the possible merits of alternative points of view.

Biases can be learned implicitly within cultural contexts.

People may develop biases toward or against an individual, an ethnic group, a nation, a religion, a social class, a political party, theoretical paradigms and ideologies within academic domains, or a species.

Biased means one-sided, lacking a neutral viewpoint, or not having an open mind.

Bias can come in many forms and is related to prejudice and intuition.

In philosophy, moral responsibility is the status of morally deserving praise, blame, reward, or punishment for an act or omission, in accordance with one's moral obligations.