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Drug rehabilitation (often drug rehab or just rehab) is a term for the processes of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment, for dependency on psychoactive substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and street drugs such as cocaine, heroin or amphetamines.

The general intent is to enable the patient to confront substance dependence, if present, and cease substance abuse in order to avoid the psychological, legal, financial, social, and physical consequences that can be caused, especially by extreme abuse.

Treatment includes medication for depression or other disorders, counseling by experts and sharing of experience with other addicts.

Some rehab centers include meditation and spiritual wisdom in the treatment process.

A few centers also treat gambling with the same techniques as are used in drug rehabilitation.

Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in problems.

It was previously divided into two types: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence.

In a medical context, alcoholism is said to exist when two or more of the following conditions is present: a person drinks large amounts over a long time period, has difficulty cutting down, acquiring and drinking alcohol takes up a great deal of time, alcohol is strongly desired, usage results in not fulfilling responsibilities, usage results in social problems, usage results in health problems, usage results in risky situations, withdrawal occurs when stopping, and alcohol tolerance has occurred with use.

Risky situations include drinking and driving or having unsafe sex among others.

Alcohol use can affect all parts of the body but particularly affects the brain, heart, liver, pancreas, and immune system.

This can result in mental illness, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, an irregular heart beat, liver failure, and an increase in the risk of cancer, among other diseases.

Drinking during pregnancy can cause damage to the baby resulting in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

Generally women are more sensitive to alcohol's harmful physical and mental effects than men.

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is an approach to medical practice intended to optimize decision-making by emphasizing the use of evidence from well-designed and -conducted research.

Although all medicine based on science has some degree of empirical support, EBM goes further, classifying evidence by its epistemologic strength and requiring that only the strongest types (coming from meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials) can yield strong recommendations; weaker types (such as from case-control studies) can yield only weak recommendations.

The term was originally used to describe an approach to teaching the practice of medicine and improving decisions by individual physicians about individual patients.

Use of the term rapidly expanded to include a previously described approach that emphasized the use of evidence in the design of guidelines and policies that apply to groups of patients and populations ("evidence-based practice policies").

It has subsequently spread to describe an approach to decision-making that is used at virtually every level of health care as well as other fields (evidence-based practice).