Whois & Analysis for hindawi.com

Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people of similar competence to the producers of the work.

It constitutes a form of self-regulation by qualified members of a profession within the relevant field.

Peer review methods are employed to maintain standards of quality, improve performance, and provide credibility.

In academia, scholarly peer review is often used to determine an academic paper's .

Peer review can be categorized by the type of activity and by the field or profession in which the activity occurs, e.g., .

Open access (OA) journals are scholarly journals that are available online to the reader "without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself." They remove price barriers (e.g. subscription, licensing fees, pay-per-view fees) and most permission barriers (e.g. copyright and licensing restrictions).

While open access journals are freely available to the reader, there are still costs associated with the publication and production of such journals.

Some are subsidized, and some require payment on behalf of the author.

Academy is a type of secondary or tertiary education institutions.

Etymology.

The word comes from the Academy in ancient Greece, which derives from the Athenian hero, Akademos.

Outside the city walls of Athens, the gymnasium was made famous by Plato as a center of learning.

The sacred space, dedicated to the goddess of wisdom, Athena, had formerly been an olive grove, hence the expression "the groves of Academe.".

Research comprises "creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications." It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories.

A research project may also be an expansion on past work in the field.

Research projects can be used to develop further knowledge on a topic, or in the example of a school research project, they can be used to further a student's research prowess to prepare them for future jobs or reports.

To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole.

The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge.

Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences.

There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, practitioner research, life, technological,etc.

Publishing is the dissemination of literature, music, or information—the activity of making information available to the general public.

In some cases, authors may be their own publishers, meaning originators and developers of content also provide media to deliver and display the content for the same.

Also, the word publisher can refer to the individual who leads a publishing company or an imprint or to a person who owns/heads a magazine.