Whois & Analysis for hwca.com

Corporate finance is the area of finance dealing with the sources of funding and the capital structure of corporations, the actions that managers take to increase the value of the firm to the shareholders, and the tools and analysis used to allocate financial resources.

The primary goal of corporate finance is to maximize or increase shareholder value.

Although it is in principle different from managerial finance which studies the financial management of all firms, rather than corporations alone, the main concepts in the study of corporate finance are applicable to the financial problems of all kinds of firms.

Accounting or accountancy is the measurement, processing and communication of financial information about economic entities such as businesses and corporations.

The modern field was established by the Italian mathematician Luca Pacioli in 1494.

Accounting, which has been called the "language of business", measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of users, including investors, creditors, management, and regulators.

Practitioners of accounting are known as accountants.

The terms "accounting" and "financial reporting" are often used as synonyms.

A value-added tax (VAT), known in some countries as a goods and services tax (GST), is a type of general consumption tax that is collected incrementally, based on the surplus value, added to the price on the work at each stage of production, which is usually implemented as a destination-based tax, where the tax rate is based on the location of the customer.

VATs raise about a fifth of total tax revenues both worldwide and among the members of the Organisation for Economic Co.operation and Development (OECD).

As of 2014, 160 of the world's approximately 193 countries employ a VAT, including all OECD members except the United States.

A tax (from the Latin ) is a financial charge or other levy imposed upon a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) by a state or the functional equivalent of a state to fund various public expenditures.

A failure to pay, or evasion of or resistance to taxation, is usually punishable by law.

Taxes consist of direct or indirect taxes and may be paid in money or as its labour equivalent.

Most countries have a tax system in place to pay for public/common/agreed national needs and government functions: some levy a flat percentage rate of taxation on personal annual income, some on a scale based on annual income amounts, and some countries impose almost no taxation at all, or a very low tax rate for a certain area of taxation.

Some countries also charge a tax on corporate income, dividends, or distributions—this is often referred to as double taxation as the individual shareholder(s) receiving this payment from the company will also be levied some tax on that personal income.

A business (also known as an enterprise, a company or a firm) is an organizational entity involved in the provision of goods and services to consumers.

Businesses serve as a form of economic activity, and are prevalent in capitalist economies, where most of them are privately owned and provide goods and services allocated through a market to consumers and customers in exchange for other goods, services, money, or other forms of exchange that hold intrinsic economic value.

Businesses may also be social non-profit enterprises or state-owned public enterprises operated by governments with specific social and economic objectives.

A business owned by multiple private individuals may form as an incorporated company or jointly organise as a partnership.

Countries have different laws that may ascribe different rights to the various business entities.