Judaism (from, derived from Greek, originally from Hebrew, Yehudah, "Judah"; in Hebrew, Yahadut, the distinctive characteristics of the Judean ethnos) encompasses the religion, philosophy, culture and way of life of the Jewish people.

Judaism is an ancient Abrahamic monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text (part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible), and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud.

Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship that God established with the Children of Israel.

With between 14.5 and 17.4 million adherents worldwide, Judaism is the tenth-largest religion in the world.

Belief is the state of mind in which a person thinks something to be the case, with or without there being empirical evidence to prove that something is the case with factual certainty.

Another way of defining belief sees it as a mental representation of an attitude positively oriented towards the likelihood of something being true.

In the context of Ancient Greek thought, two related concepts were identified with regards to the concept of belief: pistis and doxa.

Simplified, we may say that pistis refers to "trust" and "confidence", while doxa refers to "opinion" and "acceptance".

The English word "orthodoxy" derives from doxa.

Jonathan Leicester suggests that belief has the purpose of guiding action rather than indicating truth.

Information is that which informs.

In other words, it is the answer to a question of some kind.

It is thus related to data and knowledge, as data represents values attributed to parameters, and knowledge signifies understanding of real things or abstract concepts.

As it regards data, the information's existence is not necessarily coupled to an observer (it exists beyond an event horizon, for example), while in the case of knowledge, the information requires a cognitive observer.

Reading is a complex "cognitive process" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).

Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.

Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.

The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.

In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.

Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.

Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.

There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.

This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.

A person is a being, such as a human, that has certain capacities or attributes constituting personhood, which in turn is defined differently by different authors in different disciplines, and by different cultures in different times and places.