Whois & Analysis for kochmodular.com

Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an organic solvent (non-polar).

There is a net transfer of one or more species from one liquid into another liquid phase, generally from aqueous to organic.

The transfer is driven by chemical potential, i.e. once the transfer is complete, the overall system of protons and electrons that make up the solutes and the solvents are in a more stable configuration (lower free energy).

The solvent that is enriched in solute(s) is called extract.

The feed solution that is depleted in solute(s) is called the raffinate.

LLE is a basic technique in chemical laboratories, where it is performed using a variety of apparatus, from separatory funnels to countercurrent distribution equipment called as mixer settlers.

This type of process is commonly performed after a chemical reaction as part of the work-up, often including an acidic work-up.

Steam distillation is a special type of distillation (a separation process) for temperature sensitive materials like natural aromatic compounds.

It once was a popular laboratory method for purification of organic compounds, but has become obsolete by vacuum distillation.

Steam distillation remains important in certain industrial sectors.

Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by selective boiling and condensation.

Distillation may result in essentially complete separation (nearly pure components), or it may be a partial separation that increases the concentration of selected components of the mixture.

In either case the process exploits differences in the volatility of the mixture's components.

In industrial chemistry, distillation is a unit operation of practically universal importance, but it is a physical separation process and not a chemical reaction.

A solvent (from the Latin , "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute (a chemically distinct liquid, solid or gas), resulting in a solution.

A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid.

The quantity of solute that can dissolve in a specific volume of solvent varies with temperature.

Common uses for organic solvents are in dry cleaning (e.g. tetrachloroethylene), as paint thinners (e.g. toluene, turpentine), as nail polish removers and glue solvents (acetone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate), in spot removers (e.g. hexane, petrol ether), in detergents (citrus terpenes) and in perfumes (ethanol).

Water is a solvent for polar molecules and the most common solvent used by living things; all the ions and proteins in a cell are dissolved in water within a cell.

Solvents find various applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, oil, and gas industries, including in chemical syntheses and purification processes.

A separation process is a method that converts a mixture or solution of chemical substances into two or more distinct product mixtures.

At least one of results of the separation is enriched in one or more of the source mixture's constituents.

In some cases, a separation may fully divide the mixture into pure constituents.

Separations exploit differences in chemical properties or physical properties (such as size, shape, mass, density, or chemical affinity) between the constituents of a mixture.