Kubernetes (commonly referred to as "K8s") is an open source system for automating deployment, scaling and management of containerized applications that was originally designed by Google and donated to the Cloud Native Computing Foundation.

It aims to provide a "platform for automating deployment, scaling, and operations of application containers across clusters of hosts".

It usually works with the Docker container tool and coordinates between a wide cluster of hosts running Docker.

The open-source model is a decentralized development model that encourages open collaboration.

A main principle of open-source software development is peer production, with products such as source code, blueprints, and documentation freely available to the public.

The open-source movement in software began as a response to the limitations of proprietary code.

The model is used for projects such as in open-source appropriate technologies, and open-source drug discovery.

An application program (app or application for short) is a computer program designed to perform a group of coordinated functions, tasks, or activities for the benefit of the user.

Examples of an application include a word processor, a spreadsheet, an accounting application, a web browser, a media player, an aeronautical flight simulator, a console game or a photo editor.

The collective noun application software refers to all applications collectively.

This contrasts with system software, which is mainly involved with running the computer.

Scalability is the capability of a system, network, or process to handle a growing amount of work, or its potential to be enlarged in order to accommodate that growth.

For example, it can refer to the capability of a system to increase its total output under an increased load when resources (typically hardware) are added.

An analogous meaning is implied when the word is used in an economic context, where scalability of a company implies that the underlying business model offers the potential for economic growth within the company.

Packaging is the technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use.

Packaging also refers to the process of designing, evaluating, and producing packages.

Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use.

Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells.

In many countries it is fully integrated into government, business, institutional, industrial, and personal use.