Whois & Analysis for metrohm.com

Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a chromatography process that separates ions and polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger.

It works on almost any kind of charged molecule—including large proteins, small nucleotides, and amino acids.

It is often used in protein purification, water analysis, and quality control.

The water-soluble and charged molecules such as proteins, amino acids, and peptides bind to moieties which are oppositely charged by forming ionic bonds to the insoluble stationary phase.

The equilibrated stationary phase consists of an ionizable functional group where the targeted molecules of a mixture to be separated and quantified can bind while passing through the column—a cationic stationary phase is used to separate anions and an anionic stationary phase is used to separate cations.

Cation exchange chromatography is used when the desired molecules to separate are cations and anion exchange chromatography is used to separate anions.

The bound molecules then can be eluted and collected using an eluant which contains anions and cations by running higher concentration of ions through the column or changing pH of the column.

One of the primary advantages for the use of ion chromatography is only one interaction involved during the separation as opposed to other separation techniques; therefore, ion chromatography may have higher matrix tolerance.

However, there are also disadvantages involved when performing ion-exchange chromatography, such as constant evolution with the technique which leads to the inconsistency from column to column.

Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry that studies the relationship between electricity, as a measurable and quantitative phenomenon, and identifiable chemical change, with either electricity considered an outcome of a particular chemical change or vice versa.

These reactions involve electric charges moving between electrodes and an electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

Thus electrochemistry deals with the interaction between electrical energy and chemical change.

Titration, also known as titrimetry, is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the unknown concentration of an identified analyte.

Since volume measurements play a key role in titration, it is also known as volumetric analysis.

A reagent, called the titrant or titrator is prepared as a standard solution.

A known concentration and volume of titrant reacts with a solution of analyte or titrand to determine concentration.

The volume of titrant reacted is called titration volume.

Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation.

Historically, spectroscopy originated through the study of visible light dispersed according to its wavelength, by a prism.

Later the concept was expanded greatly to include any interaction with radiative energy as a function of its wavelength or frequency.

Spectroscopic data is often represented by an emission spectrum, a plot of the response of interest as a function of wavelength or frequency.

Analytical chemistry studies and uses instruments and methods used to separate, identify, and quantify matter.

In practice separation, identification or quantification may constitute the entire analysis or be combined with another method.

Separation isolates analytes.

Qualitative analysis identifies analytes, while quantitative analysis determines the numerical amount or concentration.