Whois & Analysis for noction.com

Network congestion in data networking and queueing theory is the reduced quality of service that occurs when a network node is carrying more data than it can handle.

Typical effects include queueing delay, packet loss or the blocking of new connections.

A consequence of congestion is that an incremental increase in offered load leads either only to a small increase or even a decrease in network throughput.

Packet loss occurs when one or more packets of data travelling across a computer network fail to reach their destination.

Packet loss is typically caused by network congestion.

Packet loss is measured as a percentage of packets lost with respect to packets sent.

I/O request packets (IRPs) are kernel mode structures that are used by Windows Driver Model (WDM) and Windows NT device drivers to communicate with each other and with the operating system.

They are data structures that describe I/O requests, and can be equally well thought of as "I/O request descriptors" or similar.

Rather than passing a large number of small arguments (such as buffer address, buffer size, I/O function type, etc) to a driver, all of these parameters are passed via a single pointer to this persistent data structure.

The IRP with all of its parameters can be put on a queue if the I/O request cannot be performed immediately.

I/O completion is reported back to the I/O manager by passing its address to a routine for that purpose, IoCompleteRequest.

The IRP may be repurposed as a special kernel APC object if such is required to report completion of the I/O to the requesting thread.

Routing is the process of selecting a path for traffic in a network, or between or across multiple networks.

Routing is performed for many types of networks, including circuit-switched networks, such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), computer networks, such as the Internet, as well as in networks used in public and private transportation, such as the system of streets, roads, and highways in national infrastructure.