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In lexical semantics, opposites are words lying in an inherently incompatible binary relationship, like the opposite pairs big: small, long: short, and precede: follow.

The notion of incompatibility here refers to the fact that one word in an opposite pair entails that it is not the other pair member.

For example, something that is long entails that it is not short.

It is referred to as a 'binary' relationship because there are two members in a set of opposites.

The relationship between opposites is known as opposition.

A member of a pair of opposites can generally be determined by the question What is the opposite of X ?.

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In linguistics, a word is the smallest element that can be uttered in isolation with semantic or pragmatic content (with literal or practical meaning).

This contrasts deeply with a morpheme, which is the smallest unit of meaning but will not necessarily stand on its own.

A word may consist of a single morpheme (for example: oh!, rock, red, quick, run, expect), or several (rocks, redness, quickly, running, unexpected), whereas a morpheme may not be able to stand on its own as a word (in the words just mentioned, these are -s, -ness, -ly, -ing, un-, -ed).

A dictionary is a collection of words in one or more specific languages, often arranged alphabetically (or by radical and stroke for ideographic languages), which may include information on definitions, usage, etymologies, phonetics, pronunciations, translation, etc.

or a book of words in one language with their equivalents in another, sometimes known as a lexicon.

It is a lexicographical product which shows inter-relationships among the data.

In non-functional linguistics, a sentence is a textual unit consisting of one or more words that are grammatically linked.

In functional linguistics, a sentence is a unit of written texts delimited by graphological features such as upper case letters and markers such as periods, question marks, and exclamation marks.

This notion opposes that of the curve, which is delimited by phonologic features such as pitch and loudness and markers such as pauses.

This notion also opposes a clause, which is a sequence of words that represents some process going on throughout time.

This entry is mainly about sentence in its non-functional sense, though much work in functional linguistics is indirectly cited or considered such as the categories of Speech Act Theory.