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The health of dogs is a well studied area in veterinary medicine.

Infectious diseases that affect dogs are important not only from a veterinary standpoint, but also because of the risk to public health; an example of this is rabies.

Genetic disorders also affect dogs, often due to selective breeding to produce individual dog breeds.

Due to the popularity of both commercial and homemade dog foods, nutrition is also a heavily studied subject.

A pet or companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person's company, protection, or entertainment rather than as a working animal, sport animal, livestock, or laboratory animal.

Popular pets are often noted for their attractive appearances and their loyal or playful personalities.

The domestic cat is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.

They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.

Cats are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.

There are more than 70 cat breeds, though different associations proclaim different numbers according to their standards.

The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is a member of genus Canis (canines) that forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant carnivore.

The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa, with modern wolves not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.

The dog was the first domesticated species and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.

Dog breeds are dogs that have relatively uniform physical characteristics developed under controlled conditions by humans, with breeding animals selected for phenotypic traits such as size, coat color, structure, and behavior.

The Fédération Cynologique Internationale recognizes over 400 pure dog breeds.