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Geotechnical engineering is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials.

Geotechnical engineering is important in civil engineering, but also has applications in military, mining, petroleum and other engineering disciplines that are concerned with construction occurring on the surface or within the ground.

Geotechnical engineering uses principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to investigate subsurface conditions and materials; determine the relevant physical/mechanical and chemical properties of these materials; evaluate stability of natural slopes and man-made soil deposits; assess risks posed by site conditions; design earthworks and structure foundations; and monitor site conditions, earthwork and foundation construction.

The finite element method (FEM) is a numerical method for solving problems of engineering and mathematical physics.

It is also referred to as finite element analysis (FEA).

Typical problem areas of interest include structural analysis, heat transfer, fluid flow, mass transport, and electromagnetic potential.

The analytical solution of these problems generally require the solution to boundary value problems for partial differential equations.

The finite element method formulation of the problem results in a system of algebraic equations.

The method yields approximate values of the unknowns at discrete number of points over the domain.

To solve the problem, it subdivides a large problem into smaller, simpler parts that are called finite elements.

The simple equations that model these finite elements are then assembled into a larger system of equations that models the entire problem.

FEM then uses variational methods from the calculus of variations to approximate a solution by minimizing an associated error function.

Deformation in continuum mechanics is the transformation of a body from a reference configuration to a current configuration.

A configuration is a set containing the positions of all particles of the body.

Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and countless organisms that together support life on Earth.

Soil is a natural body called the pedosphere which has four important functions: it is a medium for plant growth; it is a means of water storage, supply and purification; it is a modifier of Earth's atmosphere; it is a habitat for organisms; all of which, in turn, modify the soil.

Computer software, or simply software, is that part of a computer system that consists of data or computer instructions, in contrast to the physical hardware from which the system is built.

In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer systems, programs and data.

Computer software includes computer programs, libraries and related non-executable data, such as online documentation or digital media.

Computer hardware and software require each other and neither can be realistically used on its own.