Whois & Analysis for sciencehistory.org

Chemical engineering is a branch of engineering that applies physical sciences (physics and chemistry), life sciences (microbiology and biochemistry), together with applied mathematics and economics to produce, transform, transport, and properly use chemicals, materials and energy.

A chemical engineer designs large-scale processes that convert chemicals, raw materials, living cells, microorganisms and energy into useful forms and products.

The history of alchemy represents a time span from ancient history to the present.

By 1000 BC, civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry.

Examples include extracting metals from ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, rendering fat into soap, making glass, and making alloys like bronze.

Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.

Innovation can be defined simply as a "new idea, device or method".

However, innovation is often also viewed as the application of better solutions that meet new requirements, unarticulated needs, or existing market needs.

This is accomplished through more-effective products, processes, services, technologies, or business models that are readily available to markets, governments and society.

The term "innovation" can be defined as something original and more effective and, as a consequence, new, that "breaks into" the market or society.

It is related to, but not the same as, invention.

Innovation is often manifested via the engineering process.

The opposite of innovation is exnovation.