Whois & Analysis for spiedigitallibrary.org

SPIE is an American not-for-profit professional society for optics and photonics technology, founded in 1955.

It organizes technical conferences, trade exhibitions, and continuing education programs for researchers and developers in the light-based fields of physics, including: optics, photonics, and imaging engineering.

SPIE is most known for Photonics West, held in San Francisco.

Photonics is the physical science of light (photon) generation, detection, and manipulation through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and detection/sensing.

Though covering all light's technical applications over the whole spectrum, most photonic applications are in the range of visible and near-infrared light.

The term photonics developed as an outgrowth of the first practical semiconductor light emitters invented in the early 1960s and optical fibers developed in the 1970s.

Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.

Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light.

Because light is an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves exhibit similar properties.

An electronic book (or e-book) is a book publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the flat-panel display of computers or other electronic devices.

Although sometimes defined as "an electronic version of a printed book", some e-books exist without a printed equivalent.

In academia, proceedings are the collection of academic papers published in the context of an academic conference.

They are usually distributed as printed volumes or in electronic form either before the conference opens or after it has closed.

Proceedings contain the contributions made by researchers at the conference.

They are the written record of the work that is presented to fellow researchers.

They may be considered as grey literature.