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Camel case (sometimes stylized as camelCase or CamelCase, also known as camel caps or more formally as medial capitals) is the practice of writing phrases without spaces or punctuation and with capitalized words.

The format indicates the first word starting with either case, then the following words having an initial uppercase letter.

Common examples include YouTube, iPhone and eBay.

Camel case is often used as a naming convention in computer programming.

It is also sometimes used in online usernames such as JohnSmith, and to make multi-word domain names more legible, for example in promoting EasyWidgetCompany.com.

In computer science, in the area of formal language theory, frequent use is made of a variety of string functions; however, the notation used is different from that used for computer programming, and some commonly used functions in the theoretical realm are rarely used when programming.

This article defines some of these basic terms.

Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally majuscule) and smaller lowercase (or more formally minuscule) in the written representation of certain languages.

The writing systems that distinguish between the upper- and lowercase have two parallel sets of letters: each in the majuscule set has a counterpart in the minuscule set.

Some counterpart letters have the same shape, and differ only in size (e.g. or), but for others the shapes are different (e.g., or).

The two case variants are alternative representations of the same letter: they have the same name and pronunciation and are typically treated identically when sorting in alphabetical order.

In computer and machine-based telecommunications terminology, a character is a unit of information that roughly corresponds to a grapheme, grapheme-like unit, or symbol, such as in an alphabet or syllabary in the written form of a natural language.

In writing, a space is a blank area that separates words, sentences, syllables (in syllabification) and other written or printed glyphs (characters).

Conventions for spacing vary among languages, and in some languages the spacing rules are complex.

Inter-word spaces ease the reader's task of identifying words, and avoid outright ambiguities such as "now here" vs.

"nowhere".

They also provide convenient guides for where a human or program may start new lines.