The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) is a nonprofit science advocacy organization based in the United States.

The UCS membership includes many private citizens in addition to professional scientists.

Anne Kapuscinski, Sherman Fairchild distinguished professor of sustainability science in the Environmental Studies Program at Dartmouth College, currently chairs the UCS Board of Directors, having replaced James J.

McCarthy, Professor of Biological Oceanography at Harvard University and past president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2015.

In finance, technical analysis is a security analysis methodology for forecasting the direction of prices through the study of past market data, primarily price and volume.

Behavioral economics and quantitative analysis use many of the same tools of technical analysis, which, being an aspect of active management, stands in contradiction to much of modern portfolio theory.

The efficacy of both technical and fundamental analysis is disputed by the efficient-market hypothesis which states that stock market prices are essentially unpredictable.

Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.

In ecology, sustainability (from sustain and ability) is the property of biological systems to remain diverse and productive .

Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems.

In more general terms, sustainability is the endurance of systems and processes.

The organizing principle for sustainability is sustainable development, which includes the four interconnected domains: ecology, economics, politics and culture.

Sustainability science is the study of sustainable development and environmental science.

Innovation can be defined simply as a "new idea, device or method".

However, innovation is often also viewed as the application of better solutions that meet new requirements, unarticulated needs, or existing market needs.

This is accomplished through more-effective products, processes, services, technologies, or business models that are readily available to markets, governments and society.

The term "innovation" can be defined as something original and more effective and, as a consequence, new, that "breaks into" the market or society.

It is related to, but not the same as, invention.

Innovation is often manifested via the engineering process.

The opposite of innovation is exnovation.