Whois & Analysis for vera.org

Founded in 1961, the Vera Institute of Justice is an independent nonprofit national research and policy organization in the United States.

Based primarily in New York City, Vera also has offices in Washington, D.C..

Vera describes its goal as "to tackle the most pressing injustices of our day: from the causes and consequences of mass incarceration, racial disparities, and the loss of public trust in law enforcement, to the unmet needs of the vulnerable, the marginalized, and those harmed by crime and violence.".

A government is the system by which a state or community is controlled.

In the case of this broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislators, administrators, and arbitrators.

Government is the means by which state policy is enforced, as well as the mechanism for determining the policy of the state.

Forms of government, or forms of state governance, refers to the set of political systems and institutions that make up the organisation of a specific government.

Governments control the economy, social freedoms, and political systems, and may or may not be voluntary.

A community is a small or large social unit (a group of people) who have something in common, such as norms, religion, values, or identity.

Often - but not always - communities share a sense of place that is situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, town, or neighborhood).

Durable relations that extend beyond immediate genealogical ties also define a sense of community.

People tend to define those social ties as important to their identity, practice, and roles in social institutions like family, home, work, government, society, or humanity, at large.

Although communities are usually small relative to personal social ties (micro-level), "community" may also refer to large group affiliations (or macro-level), such as national communities, international communities, and virtual communities.

Justice is the legal or philosophical theory by which fairness is administered.

The concept of justice differs in every culture.

An early theory of justice was set out by the Ancient Greek philosopher Plato in his work The Republic.

Advocates of divine command theory argue that justice issues from God.

In the 17th century, theorists like John Locke argued for the theory of natural law.

Thinkers in the social contract tradition argued that justice is derived from the mutual agreement of everyone concerned.

In the 19th century, utilitarian thinkers including John Stuart Mill argued that justice is what has the best consequences.

Theories of distributive justice concern what is distributed, between whom they are to be distributed, and what is the proper distribution.

Egalitarians argued that justice can only exist within the coordinates of equality.

John Rawls used a social contract argument to show that justice, and especially distributive justice, is a form of fairness.

A system is a set of interacting or interdependent component parts forming a complex or intricate whole.

Every system is delineated by its spatial and temporal boundaries, surrounded and influenced by its environment, described by its structure and purpose and expressed in its functioning.