Iceland is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean.

It has a population of and an area of, making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.

The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.

Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.

Iceland is volcanically and geologically active.

The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands.

Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.

Its high latitude and marine influence still keeps summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.

A tour operator typically combines tour and travel components to create a package holiday.

They advertise and produce brochures to promote their products, holidays and itineraries.

Rafting and white water rafting are recreational outdoor activities which use an inflatable raft to navigate a river or other body of water.

This is often done on whitewater or different degrees of rough water, and generally represents a new and challenging environment for participants.

Dealing with risk and the need for teamwork is often a part of the experience.

The development of this activity as a leisure sport has become popular since the mid-1970s, evolving from individuals paddling rafts with double-bladed paddles to multi-person rafts propelled by single-bladed paddles and steered by a tour guide at the stern.

It is considered an extreme sport, and can be fatal.

The International Rafting Federation, often referred to as the IRF, is the worldwide body which oversees all aspects of the sport.

Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.

On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word "walking" is acceptable to describe all forms of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.

The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).

The term "bushwalking" is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.

In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.

It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.

The Arctic (or) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth.

The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Alaska (United States), Canada, Finland, Greenland (Denmark), Iceland, Norway, Russia and Sweden.

Land within the Arctic region has seasonally varying snow and ice cover, with predominantly treeless permafrost-containing tundra.

Arctic seas contain seasonal sea ice in many places.