Whois & Analysis for cardinalcommerce.com

3-D Secure is an XML-based protocol designed to be an additional security layer for online credit and debit card transactions.

It was originally developed by Arcot Systems (now CA Technologies) and first deployed by Visa with the intention of improving the security of Internet payments and is offered to customers under the name Verified by Visa.

Services based on the protocol have also been adopted by MasterCard as MasterCard SecureCode, and by JCB International as J/Secure.

American Express added 3-D Secure on November 8, 2010, as American Express SafeKey, in select markets and continues to launch additional markets.

Analysis of the protocol by academia has shown it to have many security issues that affect the consumer, including greater surface area for phishing and a shift of liability in the case of fraudulent payments.

Authentication (from authentikos, "real, genuine", from αὐθέντης authentes, "author") is the act of confirming the truth of an attribute of a single piece of data (a datum) claimed true by an entity.

In contrast with identification, which refers to the act of stating or otherwise indicating a claim purportedly attesting to a person or thing's identity, authentication is the process of actually confirming that identity.

It might involve confirming the identity of a person by validating their identity documents, verifying the authenticity of a website with a digital certificate, determining the age of an artifact by carbon dating, or ensuring that a product is what its packaging and labeling claim to be.

In other words, authentication often involves verifying the validity of at least one form of identification.

A card not present transaction (CNP, MO/TO, Mail Order / Telephone Order, MOTOEC) is a payment card transaction made where the cardholder does not or cannot physically present the card for a merchant's visual examination at the time that an order is given and payment effected, such as for mail-order transactions by mail or fax, or over the telephone or Internet.

A multinational corporation or worldwide enterprise is a corporate organization that owns or controls production of goods or services in one or more countries other than their home country.

It can also be referred to as an international corporation, a transnational corporation, or a stateless corporation.

There are subtle but real differences between these three labels, as well as those labels of multinational corporation and a worldwide enterprise.

A tool is any physical item that can be used to achieve a goal, especially if the item is not consumed in the process.

Tool use by humans dates back millions of years, and other animals are also known to employ simple tools.