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Pinot noir is a red wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera.

The name may also refer to wines created predominantly from Pinot noir grapes.

The name is derived from the French words for pin and black; the pin alluding to the grape variety having tightly clustered, pine cone-shaped bunches of fruit.

Sparkling wine is a wine with significant levels of carbon dioxide in it, making it fizzy.

The best known example of a sparkling wine is champagne, which is exclusively produced in the Champagne region of France.

Most sparkling wine is white or rosé but there are examples of red sparkling wines such as the Italian Brachetto, Australian sparkling Shiraz, and Azerbaijani "Pearl of Azerbaijan" made from Madrasa grapes.

The sweetness of sparkling wine can range from very dry "brut" styles to sweeter "doux" varieties (from the French words for 'raw' and 'sweet', respectively).

Napa Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Napa County, California, United States.

Napa Valley is considered one of the premier wine regions in the world.

Records of commercial wine production in the region date back to the nineteenth century, but premium wine production dates back only to the 1960s.

Wine tasting (often, in wine circles, simply tasting) is the sensory examination and evaluation of wine.

While the practice of wine tasting is as ancient as its production, a more formalized methodology has slowly become established from the 14th century onwards.

Modern, professional wine tasters (such as sommeliers or buyers for retailers) use a constantly evolving specialized terminology which is used to describe the range of perceived flavors, aromas and general characteristics of a wine.

More informal, recreational tasting may use similar terminology, usually involving a much less analytical process for a more general, personal appreciation.

Los Carneros AVA (also known as Carneros AVA) is an American Viticultural Area which includes parts of both Sonoma and Napa counties in California, U.S.A..

It is located north of San Pablo Bay.

The proximity to the cool fog and breezes from the bay makes the climate in Los Carneros cooler and more moderate than the wine regions further north in Napa Valley and Sonoma Valley.

The cooler climate has made Los Carneros attractive for the cultivation of cooler climate varietals like Pinot noir and Chardonnay.

Many of the grapes grown in Los Carneros are used for sparkling wine production.

Receiving its AVA status in 1983, the Carneros area was the first wine region in California to be defined by its climate characteristics rather than political boundaries.