Whois & Analysis for illumina.com

Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of science focusing on genomes.

A genome is a complete set of DNA within a single cell of an organism, and as such genomics is a branch of molecular biology concerned with the structure, function, evolution, and mapping of genomes.

Genomics aims at the collective characterization and quantification of genes, which direct the production of proteins with the assistance of enzymes and messenger molecules.

Proteins in turn make up body structures like organs and tissues as well as control chemical reactions and carry signals between cells.

If a cell's DNA is mutated, an abnormal protein may be produced, which can disrupt the body's usual processes and in some cases lead to diseases such as cancer.

In contrast to genetics, which refers to the study of genes and their roles in inheritance, genomics is the study of genes, their functions, and related techniques, such as applications of recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing methods, and bioinformatics to sequence, assemble, and analyze the function and structure of genomes.

Advances in genomics have triggered a revolution in discovery-based research to understand even the most complex biological systems such as the brain.

The field includes efforts to determine the entire DNA sequence of organisms and fine-scale genetic mapping.

The field also includes studies of intragenomic phenomena such as heterosis, epistasis, pleiotropy and other interactions between loci and alleles within the genome.

Research carried out into single genes does not generally fall into the definition of genomics unless the aim of this genetic, pathway, and functional information analysis is to elucidate its effect on, place in, and response to the entire genomes networks.

Illumina dye sequencing is a technique used to determine the series of base pairs in DNA, also known as DNA sequencing.

The reversible terminated chemistry concept was invented by Bruno Canard and Simon Sarfati at the Pasteur Institute in Paris.

It was developed by Shankar Balasubramanian and David Klenerman of Cambridge University, who subsequently founded Solexa, a company later acquired by Illumina.

This sequencing method is based on reversible dye-terminators that enable the identification of single bases as they are introduced into DNA strands.

It can also be used for whole-genome and region sequencing, transcriptome analysis, metagenomics, small RNA discovery, methylation profiling, and genome-wide protein-nucleic acid interaction analysis.

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.

It is generally considered a field of biology, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.

A DNA microarray (also commonly known as DNA chip or biochip) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface.

Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome.

Each DNA spot contains picomoles (10−12 moles) of a specific DNA sequence, known as probes (or reporters or oligos).

These can be a short section of a gene or other DNA element that are used to hybridize a cDNA or cRNA (also called anti-sense RNA) sample (called target) under high-stringency conditions.

Probe-target hybridization is usually detected and quantified by detection of fluorophore-, silver-, or chemiluminescence-labeled targets to determine relative abundance of nucleic acid sequences in the target.

The original nucleic acid arrays were macro arrays approximately 9 cm × 12 cm and the first computerized image based analysis was published in 1981.

Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, identification and taxonomy.

Modern biology is a vast and eclectic field, composed of many .

However, despite the broad scope of biology, there are certain unifying concepts within it that consolidate it into single, coherent field.

In general, biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels the creation of new species.

It is also understood today that all organisms survive by consuming and transforming energy and by regulating their internal environment to maintain a stable and vital condition known as homeostasis.