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Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations or their operating units are transferred or combined.

As an aspect of strategic management, M&A can allow enterprises to grow, shrink, and change the nature of their business or competitive position.

A dividend is a payment made by a corporation to its shareholders, usually as a distribution of profits.

When a corporation earns a profit or surplus, the corporation is able to re-invest the profit in the business (called retained earnings) and pay a proportion of the profit as a dividend to shareholders.

Distribution to shareholders may be in cash (usually a deposit into a bank account) or, if the corporation has a dividend reinvestment plan, the amount can be paid by the issue of further shares or share repurchase.

A SEC filing is a financial statement or other formal document submitted to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Public companies, certain insiders, and broker-dealers are required to make regular SEC filings.

Investors and financial professionals rely on these filings for information about companies they are evaluating for investment purposes.

Many, but not all SEC filings are available online through the SEC's EDGAR database.

A market is one of the many varieties of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations and infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange.

While parties may exchange goods and services by barter, most markets rely on sellers offering their goods or services (including labor) in exchange for money from buyers.

It can be said that a market is the process by which the prices of goods and services are established.

Markets facilitate trade and enable the distribution and allocation of resources in a society.

Markets allow any trade-able item to be evaluated and priced.

A market emerges more or less spontaneously or may be constructed deliberately by human interaction in order to enable the exchange of rights (cf.

ownership) of services and goods.

Markets generally supplant gift economies and are often held in place through rules and customs, such as a booth fee, competitive pricing, source of goods for sale (local produce or stock registration), and the threat of military or police force if these rules are broken.

A business (also known as an enterprise, a company or a firm) is an organizational entity involved in the provision of goods and services to consumers.

Businesses serve as a form of economic activity, and are prevalent in capitalist economies, where most of them are privately owned and provide goods and services allocated through a market to consumers and customers in exchange for other goods, services, money, or other forms of exchange that hold intrinsic economic value.

Businesses may also be social non-profit enterprises or state-owned public enterprises operated by governments with specific social and economic objectives.

A business owned by multiple private individuals may form as an incorporated company or jointly organise as a partnership.

Countries have different laws that may ascribe different rights to the various business entities.