Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is one of the United States Department of Energy national laboratories, managed by the Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Science.

The main campus of the laboratory is in Richland, Washington.

Climatology (from Greek, klima, "place, zone"; and) or climate science is the study of climate, scientifically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of time.

This modern field of study is regarded as a branch of the atmospheric sciences and a subfield of physical geography, which is one of the Earth sciences.

Climatology now includes aspects of oceanography and biogeochemistry.

Basic knowledge of climate can be used within shorter term weather forecasting using analog techniques such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO), the Northern Annular Mode (NAM) which is also known as the Arctic oscillation (AO), the Northern Pacific (NP) Index, the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO).

Climate models are used for a variety of purposes from study of the dynamics of the weather and climate system to projections of future climate.

Weather is known as the condition of the atmosphere over a period of time.

While Climate has to do with the atmospheric condition over an extended to indefinite period of time.

In physics, energy is the property that must be to an object in order to perform work on – or to heat – the object, and can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed.

The SI unit of energy is the joule, which is the energy transferred to an object by the mechanical work of moving it a distance of 1 metre against a force of 1 newton.

National security is a concept that a government, along with its parliaments, should protect the state and its citizens against all kind of "national" crises through a variety of power projections, such as political power, diplomacy, economic power, military might, and so on.