Whois & Analysis for real-statistics.com

Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.

In applying statistics to, e.g., a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a statistical model process to be studied.

Populations can be diverse topics such as "all people living in a country" or "every atom composing a crystal".

Statistics deals with all aspects of data including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.

A statistical hypothesis, sometimes called confirmatory data analysis, is a hypothesis that is testable on the basis of observing a process that is modeled via a set of random variables.

A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference.

Commonly, two statistical data sets are compared, or a data set obtained by sampling is compared against a synthetic data set from an idealized model.

A hypothesis is proposed for the statistical relationship between the two data sets, and this is compared as an alternative to an idealized null hypothesis that proposes no relationship between two data sets.

The comparison is deemed statistically significant if the relationship between the data sets would be an unlikely realization of the null hypothesis according to a threshold probability—the significance level.

Hypothesis tests are used in determining what outcomes of a study would lead to a rejection of the null hypothesis for a pre-specified level of significance.

The process of distinguishing between the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis is aided by identifying two conceptual types of errors (type 1 & type 2), and by specifying parametric limits on e.g. how much type 1 error will be permitted.

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android and iOS.

It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications.

It has been a very widely applied spreadsheet for these platforms, especially since version 5 in 1993, and it has replaced Lotus 1-2-3 as the industry standard for spreadsheets.

Excel forms part of Microsoft Office.

Freeware is software that is available for use at no monetary cost.

In other words, while freeware may be used without payment it is most often proprietary software, as usually modification, re-distribution or reverse-engineering without the author's permission is prohibited.

Two historic examples of freeware include Skype and Adobe Acrobat Reader.

There is no agreed set of rights or a license or an EULA which would define "freeware" unambiguously; every Freeware publisher defines their own rules for their Freeware.

For instance, redistribution of Freeware by third-parties is often permitted but there is a significant portion of Freeware which prohibits redistribution.