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Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia (also called Metazoa).

The animal kingdom emerged as a clade within Apoikozoa as the sister group to the choanoflagellates.

Animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently at some point in their lives.

Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later in their lives.

All animals are heterotrophs: they must ingest other.

In biology, a species (abbreviated sp., with the plural form species abbreviated spp) is the basic unit of biological classification and a taxonomic rank.

A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.

While this definition is often adequate, looked at more closely it is problematic.

For example, with hybridisation, in a species complex of hundreds of similar microspecies, or in a ring species, the boundaries between closely related species become unclear.

Other ways of defining species include similarity of DNA, morphology, or ecological niche.

Reptiles are tetrapod (four-limbed vertebrate) animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives.

The study of these traditional reptile orders, historically combined with that of modern amphibians, is called herpetology.

Mammals are any vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones and mammary glands.

All female mammals nurse their young with milk, secreted from the mammary glands.

Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia.

Modern amphibians are all Lissamphibia.

They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems.

Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this.

The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs.

Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin.

They are superficially similar to lizards but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed.

With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in recent decades there has been a dramatic decline in amphibian populations for many species around the globe.